3.7V Li-ion Battery Charger Circuit Diagram With LM317
This is a simple 3.7V Li-ion Battery Charger Circuit Diagram With LM317. Charging takes place first in the current mode – Rising voltage, the current is constant. After reaching the target voltage (Umax), the charger goes into voltage mode when the voltage is constant and the current asymptotically approaches zero.
At the moment the current is small, the cell is charged. The target voltage of Li-ion and Li-Pol accumulators is usually 4.2 V (for some types 4.1 V) Target voltage is not the same as the nominal voltage. It is generally 3.7 V (sometimes 3.6). The cell does not need to be charged the full 4.2 V, because it decreases its lifetime.
If you reduce the target voltage to 4.1 V, capacity drops by 10% but lifetime (number of cycles) will increase almost twice. When using the cells, they should never discharge below 3.4 to 3.3 V. Cells Li-ion and Li-pol do not like storing in a charged or discharged state, they should be stored partially charged.
3.7V Li-ion Battery Charger Circuit Diagram
Charger schematic is shown below. Circuit LM317 serves as the voltage stabilizer. Li-Ion and Li-Pol is quite demanding on the accuracy of charging voltage. If you want to charge to full voltage (usually 4.2 V), it is necessary to adjust this voltage to with +/- 1% accuracy. Cells are very sensitive to overcharging. If you charge at 90% capacity (4.1 V), is sufficient a little less accuracy (around 3%). LM317 circuit provides a relatively accurate voltage stabilization.
Parts List For 3.7-Volt Lithium-ion Battery Charger
- LM317 1pc
- Diode D1,D2,D3 1N4007
- Capacitor C1 470uf/25v, C2 100nf
- Transistor Q1 BC547, Q2 BC557
- VR 5K or 10K
- LED 5MM 1pc
- Resistor R1 4.7 ohm, R2 1k, R3 1k, R4 220 ohm all 1/4watt
- Resistor R6 1 ohm for 2watt for 1amp, 2.2ohm 2watt for 500ma, 4.7ohm 2watt for 200ma
Circuit Working and Setting
The target voltage is set by trimmer VR . We set it without connecting the cell, because the target voltage corresponds to the output voltage with no load. Stabilization of current is not as critical as the stabilizing voltage, so it is sufficient to stabilize it by a shunt resistor and NPN transistor.
If the drop of shunt Rx reaches approximately 0.95 V (the total voltage drop of the NPN transistor’s B-E and diode 1N4007) transistor starts to open. This reduces the voltage on the pin adj and so it stabilizes the current. Current is depending on value of Rx. Select it according to the type of charged cell. For charging current 500 mA, I used the value of 2R2. The value of Rx is calculated: Rx = 0.95 / Imax.
It is good to connect appropriately dimensioned fuse in series with the cell for safety reasons. Supply voltage should be in the range of about 9 – 24V. Too high voltage increases the power loss of circuit LM317, too low would not allow the proper operation (it is necessary to count the voltage drop on shunt and minimal voltage drop for the integrated circuit). LM317 circuit should be placed on a sufficiently large heat sink. The charger is resistant to short-circuit at the output. LM317 in worst case (short circuit) dissipates a power loss: P = U in x I max.
PCB Layout For Automatic Battery Charger Circuit With LM317
Just Download the image and Print it on normal A4 Paper or you can download the Gerber file from the link below
